How do I set up multiple computers to share a printer using the Thomson TG782T, Technicolor TG587n or TG582n Home Network Gateway Home Network Gateway?
The Technicolour Home Network gateways allow you to share your printer with multiple computers. This means you can print documents from any computer connected in the home to a single printer (The gateway supports most common printers.)
To do this, you will need to perform the following steps on each computer. Note: All the computers need to be connected to the gateway.
Step 1 of 10 You will need to first install the printer drivers on the computer if you have not done so already. Follow the following instructions to install the driver:
Plug in the printer to the computer directly.
Follow the instructions to install the printer driver on the computer. The printer driver software should have been provided by your printer manufacturer.
Step 2 of 10 Plug in the printer into the USB port on the side of the Thomson gateway. Click on Start -> Control Panel -> Printers.
Step 3 of 10 Click on Add a printer
Step 4 of 10
Select Add a local printer and click Next.
Step 5 of 10 Select Create a new port and choose Standard TCP/IP Port from the drop down menu.
Step 6 of 10 Type in 192.168.1.253 in the Hostname or IP address field. Click Next. It will try and detect the TCP/IP port but will not be able to find it and prompt for more information.
Step 7 of 10 Select Custom and click on the Settings button.
Step 8 of 10 Select LPR and type in TG782 printer in the Queue Name field. It will then search for the printer driver.
Step 9 of 10 Select your printer manufacturer and model. Click Next.
Step 10 of 10 Type in a printer name and click Next. This should complete the installation process. You should now be able to print using the shared printer.
If you would like to enable another computer to print to the shared printer, repeat the above steps with the other computer.
VLC contiene unas funciones de conversión bastante potentes que nos permiten pasar con facilidad un vídeo de un formato a otro.
No vamos a entrar en ellas, pero sí vamos a revisar rápidamente una que puede ser muy útil: la extracción del audio de un vídeo.
Para hacerlo, seguimos los siguientes pasos:
Abrimos el VLC, vamos al menú “Medio” y seleccionamos la opción “Convertir”. También podemos pulsar el atajo de teclado CTRL+R.
Se nos abrirá la ventana “Abrir medio”. Clicamos en el botón “Añadir” y seleccionamos el vídeo del cual queremos extraer el audio.
Una vez añadido, clicamos en el botón “Convertir/Guardar”.
Se nos mostrará la ventana “Convertir”. En el apartado “preferencias”, nos vamos a lista desplegable “Perfil” y seleccionamos “Audio – MP3”.
Después, en “Destino”, clicamos en “Explorar” para seleccionar la carpeta donde guardar el archivo de audio y escribimos el nombre que tendrá.
Por último, clicamos en “Iniciar”.
El VLC empezará a hacer la conversión. Su avance se nos mostrará por medio del control deslizante. El tiempo que tardará en hacer la conversión dependerá de la extensión del vídeo.
Una vez haya terminado, tendremos en la carpeta indicada el archivo de audio extraído.
Por lo general, con esto será suficiente para hacer una extracción común. También podemos personalizar la calidad del audio, pero eso es algo más avanzado y no vamos a entrar en ello.
¿Cuántas veces has visto un vídeo de YouTube y has querido guardarlo pero no has sabido cómo? Seguro que muchas y es más fácil de lo que imaginas. Sólo necesitarás tener VLC Media Player actualizado y seguir una serie de pasos para guardar el archivo en tu ordenador. Así que lee con atención porque te explicamos cómo descargar vídeos de YouTube.
Para empezar, debes asegurarte de tener la última versión de VLC Media Player en tu ordenador. Una vez hecho esto, es hora de elegir el vídeo que quieres descargar y copiar la URL.
Ve a VLC Media Player y busca en el menú Medios la opción ‘Abrir dispositivo de captura’ (‘Open Capture Device’ en inglés) y clica sobre él. Cuando lo hagas, se abrirá una nueva ventana. Busca la opción ‘Red’(Network en inglés), copia el enlace de YouTube y dale al Play.
Cuando el vídeo empiece a reproducirse, busca en la barra del menú la opción Herramientas y selecciona ‘Información multimedia’ (Media Information). Se abrirá una ventana con la información relevante sobre el vídeo. Abajo verás un enlace junto a ‘Lugar’. Justo esa URL es el enlace de descarga de tu vídeo de YouTube.
Cópialo y pégalo en la barra de tu navegador Chrome o Firefox. En este momento pueden ocurrir dos cosas: que se inicie la reproducción del vídeo o bien se muestre una ventana para iniciar la descarga.
Si ocurre lo primero, pincha en cualquier parte del vídeo y selecciona ‘Guardar vídeo como’ y ahí podrás definir la carpeta de destino de tu ordenador donde quieres guardar el vídeo. Si por el contrario ocurre lo segundo (la ventana para iniciar la descarga) bastará con que definas dónde quieres guardar el archivo.
Mobirise is an offline website builder for Windows and Mac, meaning that it needs to be downloaded to your desktop.
The drag-and-drop based website builder was born out of the Netherlands, and is designed to construct small-medium sized websites, landing pages, portfolios, and other such low-functionality websites.
It's marketed as user friendly for non-techies, minimalist, and totally free (even for commercial use).
Website builders don't need to much of an introduction. Startups, entrepreneurs and small businesses use them to kickstart their online presence, and they usually want to achieve that as quickly and as easily as possible. Oh, and without touching a line of code, too.
Let's see if Mobirise can rise to the challenge. Here's a video to get us started.
Initial Thoughts
The Mobirise website is clean and simple, for the most part.
Download buttons dominate the homepage, and it looks like a very inviting piece of software right off the bat. Minimalist indeed.
Yet, further down the homepage, lies an array of review quotes and testimonials. And when I say there is an array, I mean there is an array.
It's a little overkill to say the least. Not a massive deal, but clutter on the homepage of a website builder that touts simplicity isn't a convincing quality.
Getting Started
What's that? A website builder that I can't use through my web browser? Perish the thought.
But hold on just one second.
You may have to download and install Mobirise before you can use it - but believe me when I tell you that it's quicker to set up than most hosted website builders that require no downloads.
With Mobirise, you don't need to sign up or divulge any information whatsoever to begin downloading. The downloadable file is relatively small, installation is lightning fast, and there's no forms to fill out at any stage.
It went from a .zip file on my desktop to a ready-to-roll website builder in a matter of seconds. Impressive.
Page Creation
The page creation capabilities of a website builder help to define it as a platform. Unsurprisingly, Mobirise stays true to its focus on minimalism when it comes to page building.
The platform starts you off with a generic homepage, with a customization menu that can activated via an orange button at the bottom-right of the interface.
There are no standalone templates as such. Instead, you can choose from a number of different page blocks, piecing them together in a mix-and-match fashion to build a one-pager style website.
This method ensures that users stays within a pre-defined boundary when it comes to design, with just enough wiggle room to make some customizations. Such customizations include; images, videos, text, background images, background colours, show/hide elements, content aligning, and more.
I think there's a healthy balance struck here. The customization options aren't going to allow you to build anything drastically unique, but there's just enough there to help put your own stamp on your website.
As previously mentioned, this pre-defined design boundary will, in a way, push users towards creating a website that looks good, rather than leaving them to their own, (often inexperienced) devices.
In other words, if you suck as web design, you'll love Mobirise's method of website building.
I say that particularly because Mobirise's page blocks are so well put together. They include a selection of full-page sliders, information blocks, maps, forms, a pricing table, and more.
Upon hovering, each block presents three buttons in the top-right; Drag Block, Block Parameters and Delete Block.
The first option allows you to drag-and-drop the block above and below other blocks, essentially rearranging your website like Lego. The Delete Block button is pretty self explanatory.
As for the Block Parameters button, this brings up those customizations I mentioned earlier, allowing you to edit the block in question. Different block types comes with different parameters, too.
For example, a navigation menu block will give you the option to make the menu sticky, meaning that it will scroll down the page with the visitor; remaining visible at all times.
Further customization can be done by simply pointing and clicking on page elements. Otherwise known as inline editing. For example, clicking on a "Download" button brings up options to change the buttons color, and edit the text right there and then.
To add a new page to the existing homepage, you can go to the menu on the left, "Pages", and then "Create New Page". further page options enable you to clone pages, edit file names, set page titles, and add meta descriptions.
I feel that now is a good time to highlight the speed of Mobirise. I tinkered with all of the above settings, re-arranged page blocks and edited page elements - and it was a piece of cake. Mobirise is supremely speedy and responsive, just as a website builder should be.
Multi-Site Management & Publishing
Similarly, you can add a brand new website from the same side menu, by clicking "Sites" and "Create New Site".
Mobirise presents a grid-list of your existing sites on that same menu, allowing you to quickly switch between projects. Ideal for a developer with multple clients, one might say.
The site manager section also allows you to export a website, assign a favicon, and add a Google Analytics tracking code.
When it comes to actually publishing your website, Mobirise gives you a few options.
You can publish it to a local drive, upload it via FTP or use Google Drive. All three options seem to work fine, and they're solid options to make use of, too.
Apps & Extras
Mobirise has a couple of extra features which help round it off.
Firstly, there's the ability to preview your website in desktop view, tablet view and smartphone view. Just to ensure all those responsive pages are looking spcik and spam.
Plus, you can preview the website in your web browser.
You can also import and export Mobirise websites, which is cool if you're looking to share your work with somebody else, or move one website between two different accounts or devices.
There are only four extensions bundled. These are; Facebook Comments, Soundcloud, Code Editor & Google Analytics. However, the Code Editor is very highly priced, at $69.
Mobirise is showing its youth here I think. Four extensions is certainly nothing to write home about, and I think this should be an area of focus for the Mobirise team. I also think that charging $69 for a website builder's Code Editor is a little bit too bold. The price needs adjusting, if you ask me.
Extensions like Google Maps, Instagram photos, Disqus comments, a form builder and other standard extensions would all be welcome.
Getting Help
As far as help and support is concerned, there's not much to go on.
In fact, apart from some social media handles and an email address, there's no other way to reach out for support from official channels. There isn't even any documentation, which isn't really acceptable.
I would have expected a simple "Help" option somewhere on the website builder, or perhaps a document that comes bundled with the download. But surprisingly, there's nothing to help guide website building newbies at all.
The only saving grace is that Mobirise truly is easy to use out of the box. But still, that's no excuse.
The Verdict
Mobirise is an extremely simple website builder, and because that's exactly what it aims to be, I'm a big fan.
The level of customization that a newbie can implement is of a good level. There's limits on what can be created, which means they won't get lost in any complex menus. More experienced users can delve further into customization via the Code Editor extension (if they want to cough up the cash).
I'm also impressed with the quality of the blocks which can be dragged-and-dropped into place. They're the foundations of Mobirise, and they're brilliantly designed, with each one looking highly professional out of the box.
I have a few gripes, though. There aren't enough extensions to play with, and I feel that the page blocks could be a little more diverse. A few more different styles will provide just enough choice to ensure that users aren't constantly building similar looking websites.
Also, documentation and support need to be worked on. A user manual would be nice, and so would some FAQs on the Mobirise website.
Other than that though, Mobirise has won me over with its simplicity and speed.
Pros
Mobirise is extremely quick and easy to download and install.
Lego-like page blocks can be dragged-and-dropped into place, helping users construct websites that already look great.
All the pre-designed blocks are sleek and professional looking.
Customization options are pretty good, allowing for some useful modifications. An optional (yet expensive) Code Editor extension also gives experienced users complete control.
In-line editing plays right into the hands of inexperienced web designers. Point, Click, Edit.
You can upload the finished website via FTP, Google Drive or to a local server.
Easy to manage multiple sites.
Browser, Tablet and smartphone previews are easily accessible.
Everything is quick, responsive and bug-free. Mobirise is genuinely pleasant to use.
Cons
Not a hosted solution.
Not many extensions at all.
Documentation & support options are lousy.
Final Remarks
If a website building novice asks me to point them in the direction of a totally free website builder, Mobirise will now be high on my list of recommendations. I'm that impressed.
I expected to find some bugs somewhere along the line. Perhaps an unresponsive button or a slowly reacting page element. But I found nothing of the sort. Mobirise is a dream to use.
Aside from the aforementioned documentation and support issues, the only problem I can see is that a newbie website builder will flinch at the idea of having to find a web hosting environment for his or her Mobirise website. They would much prefer a hosted solution to take care of those technicalities.
Maybe I'm being pedantic, but it seems to me that Mobirise has been built for the same people who wouldn't even know how to "Publish" their site using FTP or Google Drive.
However, if the idea of uploading and hosting your own website doesn't bother you, I'd strongly recommend giving Mobirise a whirl.
Besides, it's a free platform that takes under a minute to set up, can be used by anybody, and can be hosted anywhere. What more could you want?
DbSharp is a DAL Generator. It generates a StoredProcedure client class that enables you to call stored procedure easily. DbSharp also creates Table and Record classes that enables you to CRUD operation.
In our era of advanced technology and high-speed Internet connections, you can find information on virtually anything. In the space of just a few minutes, we can find recipes for the tastiest pie or learn all about the theory of wave-particle duality.
But more often than not, we have to sift through a vast body of knowledge to get the information we need, and this can take hours rather than minutes. This is why Bright Side has put together a list of the most effective methods for searching Google to help you find the precious material you’re looking for in just a couple of clicks.
2. Searching using synonyms
Our language is rich in synonyms. Sometimes this can be very convenient when doing research online. If you need to find websites on a given subject rather than those that include a specific phrase, add the "~" symbol to your search.
For example, if you search for the term "healthy ~food" you’ll get results about the principles of healthy eating, cooking recipes, as well as healthy dining options.
3. Searching within websites
Sometimes you read an interesting article on a website and find yourself subsequently wanting to share it with your friends or simply reread it. The easiest way to find the desired piece of information again is to search within the website. To do this, type the address of the site, then a key word or entire phrase from the article, and it should come up immediately.
4. The power of the asterisk
When our cunning memory decides to prevent us from recalling that one key word, phrase, or number we need in order to find what we’re looking for, you can turn to the powerful "*" symbol. Just use this in the place of the word/phrase you can’t remember, and you should be able to find the results you’re looking for.
5. When lots of words are missing
If it’s the lengthier half of the phrase you can’t remember rather than a single key word, try writing out the first and last words and putting “AROUND + (the approximate number of missing words)“ between them. For example, ”I wandered AROUND(4) cloud."
6. Using a time frame
Sometimes we urgently need to acquaint ourselves with events that occurred during a certain period of time. To do so, you can add a time frame to your search query with the help of three dots between the dates. For example, if we want to find out about scientific discoveries during the 20th century, we can write:
xxxx 1900…2000
7. Searching for a title or URL
To help find the key words and name of an article, type “intitle:“ before the search term, without any spaces between them. In order to find the words from a URL, use ”inurl:".
8. Finding similar websites
If you’ve found something you really like online and want to find similar websites, type in "related:" and then the address of the site, again without a space between them.
9. Whole phrases
Framing the search term within quotation marks is the simplest and most effective way to find something specific and in the exact order you typed it in.
For example, if you type in the words I’m picking up good vibrations without quotation marks, the search engine will show the results where these words appear in any order on a website, as opposed to the specific order in which you typed them.
10. Unimportant search words
To remove unimportant search words from your query, simply write a minus symbol before each one. For example, if you want to find a site about interesting books, but you aren’t looking to buy them, you can write the following:
The differences between Wix and Weebly are very noticeable. http://www.weebly.com/ https://es.wix.com
Wix seems to have adopted the “advanced features” approach, giving you all sorts of tools to play with within their website builder.
Weebly seems to have gone the opposite way of adopting the minimalistic approach, keeping things as streamlined and as simple as possible. This makes Weebly much easier to use.
Also, even though Wix gives you a lot more advanced features, Weebly gives you more flexibility (such as changing templates, important external templates, being able to edit its CSS / HTML codes, and also exporting your website).
At the end of the day, you should consider what features are better suited for you.
Wix has a lot more advanced features for you (especially with their App Market), which can be very useful for you if you are building a website that requires a bit more bells and whistles. But as I mentioned above, overloading your website with advanced features is not necessarily a good thing.
I have to admit though, that the fact that Wix doesn’t make it easy for you to change design templates is a concern. Having said that, their templates are beautiful.
I’d encourage you to sign up for free accounts with both Wix and Weebly and spend a bit of time playing around with each one of them. Only through these free trials that you can form your own conclusion as to which website builder is better for your own unique needs.
Just another quick note – both Wix and Weebly offer money back guarantees (14 days for Wix and 30 days for Weebly), so if you want to upgrade and test their advanced features, you can do so without taking on risks. Otros https://www.zoho.com/sites/ http://es.jimdo.com/ http://www.easysitiosweb.com/ https://sitiosimple.com/es-ar/ http://club.donweb.com/ http://misitiosimple.com/#!/-inicio/ https://ukit.com/ http://www.imcreator.com/ http://es.jimdo.com/ http://www.moonfruit.com/ https://www.yola.com/ http://es.simplesite.com/
https://mobirise.com/es/ CREADOR DE SITIOS WEB MOBIRISE
Crea páginas web móviles, impresionantes y fáciles de usar. Sin codificación y gratis.
Usuaria: Necesito una estimación de presupuesto para mi proyecto pero no tengo el alcance ni el diseño todavía. Dilbert: Bueno, mi estimación es u$s 3.583.729. Usuaria: No sabes nada de mi proyecto. Dilbert: Ya somos dos.
It is amazing the amount of data internet users are creating each day! The majority of data is created by individual users via social media. It is a never ending feed of information. Let’s take a deeper look with the help of this awesome infographic.
The Amount of Data Created Each Day on the Internet in 2014
From 2011-2013, the overall global population of people using the internet grew more than 14% to more than 2.4 billion people. Amazingly, in those same two years, the number of Facebook posts quintupled from 685,000 pieces of content, to more than 2.4 MILLION FACEBOOK POSTS PER MINUTE!
Each minute of every day the following happens: – 204 million emails are sent every minute! – 4 million Google searches are made every minute! – 277,000 tweets are sent each minute!
If we do some quick calculations we can see the amount of data created on the internet each day. There are 1440 minutes per day…that means there are approximately: – 294 BILLION emails sent every day! – 6 BILLION Google Searches each day! – 3.5 BILLION Facebook messages posted daily! – 40 Million Tweets shared each day!
- See more at: http://www.gwava.com/blog/internet-data-created-daily-2014/#sthash.4Z0jsPI7.dpuf
Programming isn’t for everyone; it requires a very specific kind of quantitative, analytical thinking, and the learning process can be a tough one, even with some of the fun ways to learn to program. But don’t be discouraged if you want to be a part of the tech field: there are plenty of jobs for people who don’t know how to code!
These seven will give you an idea of what’s out there.
Designer
Coding can be more art than science, but graphic design is all about art. If you’re artistically inclined and you’d like to be involved in tech, being a designer is something you may want to consider. There are a number of areas that you could specialize in, or you could be a jack-of-all-designing-trades and do a bit of each. Designing products and packaging for companies that produce tangible goods, designing ads and brand imaging for ones that don’t, and designing web pages for both are all necessary.
Design is one of the areas on this list that you could be successful in without any coding knowledge at all. Although everyone can benefit from a few basic coding skills (especially inweb design), many designers have no programming knowledge whatsoever. If you’re interested in both design and coding, you’ll be happy to know that there’s a programming language for designers called Processing.
User Experience (UX) / User Interface (UI) Specialist
There are a number of roles that fall under this category, but they all have to do with how users interact with a website, program, or app. This role can involve skills from design, psychology, human-computer interaction (HCI), and others. When websites, programs, and apps are being developed, UX/UI specialists sketch out wireframes and mockups, test models on users, and provide guidelines for designers to complete the user interface.
Survey results released earlier this year showed that UX experts come from a wide variety of backgrounds, and have degrees in all manner of things — many had relevant master’s degrees, such as in HCI. When asked which skills they found most useful, they said web design, writing, programming, psychology, design, and research methods.
Business Analyst
From the outside, it might seem like the software development cycle is pretty simple: a customer (within or outside of a company) tells the developers what they need, the developers create it, and that’s that. But it’s a lot more complicated. The requirements that the customer has rarely translate to technical requirements smoothly — there’s a lot of interpretation and translation that has to take place before everyone understands each other.
This is where the business analyst comes in: they bridge the gap between customer and developers by gaining a solid understanding of what the customer wants the software or product to do and turning that into a series of tasks that the developers can deal with, one at a time. After going through all of these tasks, the developers will have created a product that satisfies the customer. (That’s the idea, anyway!)
Project / Program Manager
Project and program managers often have related responsibilities to business analysts, but need to have a higher-level understanding of a company or project group. The best managers in the tech world learn to understand programmers and complement their needs rather than get into the nitty-gritty of coding. Project managers are in charge of specific projects, and often have to coordinate the priorities and actions of a range of parties, from developers and engineers to marketers and salespeople.
Program managers have a similar job, but generally work at an even higher level, managing a number of projects across an organization, ensuring that the projects help further the company’s goals. This could involve helping to determine the course of development across different products, as well as working closely with a number of project managers to oversee the progression of multiple projects.
System Administrator
Sysadmins, as they’re known, are often viewed as the handymen of an IT department. They take on everything from unboxing and setting up servers, to backing up files across the entire company, to creating firewalls to protect the network, to getting an email server back online when it goes down. Some companies have a number of sysadmins with distinct specialties, while others have a single sysadmin that takes on any project needed.
As you might imagine, having some programming experience — especially with scriptinglanguages, like Perl or Ruby — and having a solid understanding of how to run a wide range ofcommands through the terminal are very useful in this position. Successful sysadmins have a wide range of skills, including people skills for working with frustrated users who can’t check their email or submit their project reports.
Technical Writing
If your talents lie in crafting concise, useful prose instead of in crafting apps or databases, technical writing may be a great career path for you. Programs, websites, scripts, and nearly every other type of product need extensive documentation. It can be instructions for users, requirements for developers, press releases, technical reports, specifications, or a wide range of other types of documents.
To be an effective technical writer, it’s beneficial to have an understanding of the sort of thing that you’re writing about, whether it’s an app or a set of mechanical engineering blueprints. Being concise, descriptive, and well-organized are also very useful writing skills to have in this field. Many technical writers get their start in the field that they work in, but others begin as freelancers or writers of other kinds.
Marketing / Sales
When it comes down to it, almost every tech company’s goal — like companies in any other field — is to make money. Which means they need to sell products. And that means that people who have the skills to market and sell those products are in high demand. What sets marketing and sales in the tech world apart from many other fields is that companies are often in tune with up-and-coming methods of marketing and advertising, and this can be appealing to many people who want to work in tech without programming.
For example, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, pay-per-click advertising, content marketing, web production, and social media marketing are all important fields that are relatively new within marketing and advertising that tech companies are likely to be hiring for. Some of them require more technical knowledge than others, but they all benefit from having a good understanding of the technology that the company is selling.
Get a Job!
Just because you don’t like coding doesn’t mean you can’t have a job in the tech sector and be involved in all the cool projects that entails — these seven areas, as well as many others, are open to you if you’re willing to work hard and prove yourself. As previously mentioned, having at least a basic understanding of the principles of programming can be very helpful, but for most of these jobs, you won’t need to know more than the basics.
Do you have a job in the tech sector? How much do you know about coding? What advice do you have for people trying to get into the field without programming knowledge? Share your thoughts below!
SQL Server Express es una excelente opción para trabajar con SQL Server en proyectos pequeños y medianos sin tener que pagar licencias. Es una versión gratuita pero totalmente funcional del gestor de base de datos relacionales de Microsoft. A cambio tiene ciertas limitaciones. Por ejemplo, no permite utilizar más de 1 GB de RAM por instancia para caché de datos en memoria y el tamaño de cada base de datos gestionada no puede superar los 10 GB (que es un tamaño considerable para aplicaciones normales). Carece de otras características de alta disponibilidad y replicación, pero ofrece toda la funcionalidad habitual (incluyendo integración de datos y reporting) y las herramientas de administración. Aquí podrás encontrar una comparativa de todas las ediciones de SQL Server.
Una de las cosas que no están disponibles con SQL Server es el Agente SQL. El agente nos permite programar tareas que se ejecutarán sobre las bases de datos cuando nosotros queramos. Esta carencia dificulta un poco, por ejemplo, la realización de copias de seguridad, especialmente si queremos mantener un periodo de retención concreto (por ejemplo, las copias de los últimos 7 días).
Por suerte esta carencia en concreto es muy fácil de solucionar, y en este artículo voy a explicar cómo lograrlo de manera sencilla.
Lo primero que tenemos que saber es que todas las ediciones de SQL Server incluyen una utilidad de línea de comandos que nos permite ejecutar instrucciones T-SQL arbitrarias contra cualquier base de datos. Se trata de SQLCMD.exe, generalmente ubicada en esta ruta:
Esta utilidad tiene muchos parámetros que nos permiten controlar su forma de trabajar. Dos que nos interesan especialmente son:
-S: nos permite especificar contra qué servidor/instancia se ejecutarán las sentencias T-SQL.
-i: permite especificar una ruta a un archivo (normalmente con extensión .sql) que contiene las instrucciones T-SQL que queremos ejecutar contra el servidor. Así podemos incluir scripts más complejos que una simple línea.
Sabiendo la existencia de esta herramienta, conseguir backups gracias a ella es muy sencillo.
1. Construir las instrucciones T-SQL base para hacer el backup
Lo primero es conseguir las comandos T-SQl para hacer un backup. Lo más sencillo es usar las herramientas integradas en el Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (MSSMS). Ábrelo, busca la base de datos que te interesa copiar en el explorador de objetos y pulsa el botón derecho del ratón sobre ella. En el menú contextual elige la opción de "Tareas·backup…":
Esto abre una nueva ventana desde la que podemos definir cómo queremos realizar el backup:
Desde esta ventana elegimos la base de datos a copiar y la ruta en la que queremos guardar dicha copia de seguridad (normalmente le damos como extensión al archivo .bak, pero puede ser cualquiera o incluso no tener extensión).
Además si pulsamos en la página "Opciones" en el lateral podemos configurar algunas cosas más, como por ejemplo (muy recomendable) que se verifique el backup al terminar de hacerlo:
OJO: la edición Express no soporta la compresión de los backups, así que si seleccionamos esta opción en la lista desplegable de la parte inferior de la figura anterior, se producirá un error al realizar el backup.
Una vez que tengamos seleccionadas todas las opciones que necesitemos, podemos obtener el código necesario para realizar el backup usando el botón "Script" de la parte superior de la ventana anterior. Por defecto nos copiará el código generado a una ventana del MSSMS, así:
Con esto obtendríamos una base de datos que se sobrescribiría en cada nueva copia, Lo interesante de las copias de seguridad es tener copias con una retención de varios días, para poder comprobar datos anteriores o restaurar los datos a un estado anterior.
2. Retocar el script para darle una semana de retención
Supongamos que queremos hacer una copia de seguridad diaria y que queremos mantener las copias durante 7 días, de modo que podamos recuperar los datos desde cualquier copia de seguridad de la última semana. Para ello vamos a retocar el script anterior de modo que cada día le cambie el nombre al archivo de copia de seguridad. Para ello vamos a declarar una variable que servirá para guardar la ruta y el nombre del archivo de copia de seguridad, cambiándolo en función, en este caso, del día de la semana en el que nos encontremos. En este caso sería así:
DECLARE @dest nvarchar(255)
SET @dest = 'C:\BackupsBBDD\SELF_' + CAST(DATEPART(weekday, GETDATE()) AS nvarchar(1)) + '.bak'
La función DATEPART con el valor weekday para el primer parámetro nos devuelve un número para cada día de la semana, empezando por el domingo (un 1) hasta el sábado (un 7). Como le pasamos la fecha actual (GETDATE) como segundo parámetro lo que obtendremos en la variable @dest es cada día un nombre diferente para la base de datos, añadiéndole el número de día de la semana para obtener nombres estilo: SELF_1.bak, SELF_2.bak, SELF_3.bak y así sucesivamente.
En el script generado por el MSSMS bastará ahora por sustituir la ruta por el nombre de esta variable y ya lo tendremos listo (ojo: hay que susituirlo en dos sitios: en el backup y en la verificación del backup en la parte inferior).
Dado que en caso de que un archivo exista de backup se sobrescribirá, en la práctica con este script lo que conseguimos es que siempre haya 7 copias como máximo en el histórico.
3. Crear un bat para realizar el backup
Ahora que ya tenemos el código necesario para crear las copias de seguridad lo que debemos hacer es crear un archivo .bat que nos permita ejecutar este código T-SQL cuando queramos. Para ello usaremos SQLCMD.EXE, escribiendo esta instrucción:
Debemos sustituir SERVIDOR\INSTANCIA por el nombre de nuestro servidor y la instancia de SQL Server sobre la que queremos trabajar. En el parámetro -i debemos indicar la ruta al archivo .sql con las instrucciones para la copia de seguridad que acabamos de crear.
La última instrucción ">> log.txt" nos permite guardar el resultado de la ejecución en un archivo de texto que podemos consultar para ver cuándo se ha realizado cada copia, cuánto ha tardado y cualquier otro mensaje que se derive de la ejecución del script. E spor eso que me gusta colocarle al principio del script una instrucción más como esta:
PRINT CAST(GETDATE() AS nvarchar) + ' - COPIA DE SEGURIDAD INICIADA AL ARCHIVO: ' + @dest
De este modo aparecerá en el archivo Log.txt un mensaje al principio de cada copia de seguridad indicando la fecha de creación y el nombre del archivo. Podemos incluir del mismo modo cualquier otra información que consideremos relevante.
4. Programar la tarea
Ahora que ya tenemos un script para hacer la copia de seguridad, y además hemos creado un .bat para ejecutarlo, lo único que nos falta es crear una tarea programada para poder lanzarla con la periodicidad que nos convenga (en principio cada día).
Para ello abrimos el administrador de tareas programadas del sistema y creamos una nueva tarea. Lo único que tendremos que hacer es indicar que queremos ejecutar el archivo .bat del paso anterior así como a qué hora del día lo vamos a hacer:
Con esto habremos conseguido que todos los días a las 2:00 de la mañana se realice una copia de seguridad de la base de datos, con una retención de 7 días:
Cada uno de esos archivos se corresponde con la copia de seguridad del domingo (1), lunes (2), martes 83), etc…
Si quisiésemos un periodo de retención de un mes, por ejemplo, sería tan fácil como cambiar el parámetro de DATEPART por "day" de modo que se pusiera el número de día del mes. Podemos jugar con los distintos valores del primer parámetro de DATEPART para conseguir otros periodos, como por ejemplo, si hacemos más de una copia al día, añadirle la hora de modo que tengamos más de un archivo diario.
¡Espero que te resulte útil!
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